RESUMO
RESUMO Em diferentes contextos, bem como no processo de doação de sangue, as verdades vão se recriando, e o sujeito vai se constituindo, criando a si mesmo como um sujeito em transformação. A produção de verdades se reflete nas práticas de doação de sangue, por meio da profunda normalização e estigmatização dos processos que as envolvem e que repercutem na disponibilização e qualidade desse produto essencial. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a configuração dos regimes de verdade na conformação das práticas de doação de sangue, na perspectiva de candidatos à doação. A metodologia adotada foi de abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com 31 candidatos à doação de repetição, submetidos a análise de discurso. Optou-se, como referência ao termo 'verdade', pela análise de Michel Foucault, enquanto um elemento de constituição do sujeito, produto de múltiplas práticas sociais. Concluiu-se que o processo de doação de sangue é imbuído de um forte caráter normalizador, constituindo-se em relevante elemento de condução dos comportamentos e produção de verdades, impactando as dimensões alcançadas por essas relações de poder nas práticas de doação de sangue, sob o olhar daqueles que se candidatam a fazê-la.
ABSTRACT In different contexts, as well as in the blood donation process, truths are recreated, and the subject is constituted, creating himself as a subject in transformation. The production of truths is reflected in blood donation practices, through the profound normalization and stigmatization of the processes that involve them and that have repercussions on the availability and quality of this essential product. The objective of this study was to understand the configuration of regimes of truth in the conformation of blood donation practices, from the perspective of candidates for donation. The methodology adopted was a qualitative approach, with data collection carried out through semi-structured interviews, with 31 candidates for repeat donation, submitted to speech analysis. It was chosen, as a reference to the term 'truth', the analysis of Michel Foucault, as an element of constitution of the subject, product of multiple social practices. It was concluded that the blood donation process is imbued with a strong normalizing character, constituting a relevant element for conducting behaviors and producing truths, impacting on the dimensions achieved by these power relations in blood donation practices, under the gaze of those applying to do so.
RESUMO
It is estimated that in 2025, Brazil will have the sixth largest elderly population in the world. Beyond the economic consequences of this projection, this changing demographic portends significant changes in the social realm. The aim of this study was to review and consider a range of government documents, developed during the past thirty years and directed toward elderly Brazilian citizens, to explore the ways that caregivers of older persons are positioned in daily care practices through the discourses such documents deploy. The analysis draws on Foucault's genealogical approach, and begins with a review of the historicity of policies, regulations, and legislation related to older people, followed by an analysis of the discourses embedded in the Practical Guide for the Caregiver, a document created by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to provide guidance to informal caregivers in the actual provision of care to elders. The analysis shows that throughout the Guide, caregivers are portrayed as multifaceted subjects; yet at the same time, three primary positionings for the caregiver and her or his work are emphasized: the almost-angel, the almost-healthcare professional, and the almost-household professional.
